Etiologies Of Myocarditis34,38
Etiologies
Causes
Infectious
Viral
Enteroviruses (coxsackie, echovirus, polio), adenovirus, influenza, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr
virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella virus, respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C, human herpesvirus
6, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, measles, mumps, rubella, dengue fever,
yellow fever, chikungunya, Junin virus, Lassa fever virus, rabies, variola virus
Bacterial
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Meningococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella, Chlamydia, Gonococcus, Mycoplasma, Brucella
Protozoal
Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasmosis, Entamoeba, Leishmania
Fungal
Histoplasmosis, Coccidiomycosis, Blastomycosis, Candida, Actinomycosis, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Mucormycosis, Nocardia, Sporothrix
Parasitic
Ascaris, Echinococcus, visceral larva migrans, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Schistosomiasis
Rickettsial
Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, Coxiella burnetii
Spirochetal
Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira, Treponema pallidum
Autoimmune
Giant-cell myocarditis, lymphofollicular myocarditis, Kawasaki disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever,
inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, hypereosinophilic syndrome, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, granulomatosis with
polyangitis, Takayasu arteritis, diabetes mellitus
Toxicity and hypersensitivity
Drugs
Chemotherapeutic agents, sulfonamides, isoniazid, phenytoin, amphetamine, cocaine, anthracyclines, interleukin-2, lithium, digoxin, tricyclic antidepressants, cephalosporins
Other
Radiation, scorpion bite, bee sting, spider bite, snake bite, copper, lead, iron, arsenic, carbon
monoxide, electric shock
July 2015 • www.ebmedicine.net
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