20130321 final report np abs be BIOGOV Unit
Centre for Philosophy of Law
Université catholique de Louvain
Study for the implementation in Belgium of the Nagoya Protocol on
Access and Benefit‐sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity
(Terms of reference No. DG5/AMSZ/11008)
Final report
Brendan Coolsaet – Tom Dedeurwaerdere – John Pitseys – Fulya Batur
Study commissioned by
Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and the Environment, Directorate‐General for the
Environment, Service for multilateral and strategic matters (SPSCAE)
Bruxelles Environnement/Leefmilieu Brussel (IBGE‐BIM)
Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie (LNE)
Service public de Wallonie, Direction générale opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et
Environnement (DGARNE)
DISCLAIMER
Recommended citation
Coolsaet Brendan, Dedeurwaerdere Tom, Pitseys John, and Batur Fulya (2013), Study for the
implementation in Belgium of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit‐sharing to the Convention
on Biological Diversity. Final report, 21st of March 2013.
Contributors
Comments and contributions of the members of the scientific advisory group to this study are
gratefully acknowledged: Prof. Charles‐Hubert Born, Prof. Geertrui Van Overwalle, Prof. Delphine
Missone and Prof. An Cliquet. The authors would also like to acknowledge the useful inputs of Prof.
Isabelle Durant, Koen van den Bossche, Arianna Broggiato, Arul Scaria, Anne Liesse, Heike Rämer and
Caroline van Schendel, as well as the availability of the members of the Steering Committee and of all
the stakeholders interviewed for the purpose of this study.
Contact
Tom Dedeurwaerdere
Centre for the Philosophy of Law (CPDR)
Place Montesquieu, 2 ‐ SSH/JURI/PJTD ‐ L2.07.01
B‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium
tom.dedeurwaerdere@uclouvain.be
http://perso.uclouvain.be/tom.dedeurwaerdere
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Table of content ...................................................................................................................................... 3
List of tables ............................................................................................................................................ 6
List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... 7
List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 8
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 10
Résumé analytique ................................................................................................................................ 21
Samenvatting ......................................................................................................................................... 33
1
2
3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 45
1.1
Background to ABS and the Nagoya Protocol ....................................................................... 45
1.2
Structure of the report .......................................................................................................... 48
1.3
Scope of the study ................................................................................................................. 49
The Distribution of ABS‐related Competences in Belgium............................................................ 51
2.1
The political distribution of ABS‐related competences ......................................................... 52
2.2
The administrative distribution of ABS‐related competences .............................................. 56
2.3
The inter‐ and intra‐level coordination of the exercise of ABS‐related competences .......... 59
Legal state of the art regarding ABS in Belgium ............................................................................ 60
3.1
Access and use of genetic resources under national jurisdiction in Belgium ....................... 60
3.2
Legal consequences for access to genetic material .............................................................. 71
3.3
The status of traditional knowledge associated to genetic resources under national
legislation in Belgium ........................................................................................................................ 82
4
Existing ABS‐related policy measures and other initiatives in Belgium ........................................ 85
4.1
Measures resulting from coordination between the three regions and the federal level ... 85
4.2
Federal measures .................................................................................................................. 86
4.3
Regional measures ................................................................................................................ 87
4.4
Research institutions’ and private initiatives and policies on ABS ........................................ 88
4.5
Existing ABS‐related EU instruments and other initiatives ................................................... 88
5 Conformity of the existing national legislation and measures with the obligations of the Nagoya
Protocol ................................................................................................................................................. 91
5.1
Conformity of existing instruments in Belgium that already address obligations of the
Protocol ............................................................................................................................................. 91
5.2
Obligations of the Nagoya Protocol currently not addressed by legal or non‐legal
instruments in Belgium ..................................................................................................................... 94
3
6
Review of existing measures and instruments on ABS in OTHER countries ................................. 95
6.1
Access .................................................................................................................................... 96
6.2
Benefit‐sharing ...................................................................................................................... 99
6.3
Conservation activities and biodiversity research ............................................................... 102
6.4
Competent National Authority ............................................................................................ 104
6.5
Compliance .......................................................................................................................... 106
7
Recommendations for legal, institutional and administrative measures in Belgium ................. 109
7.1
Recommendations for actions to be taken in case of minimal implementation of the core
obligations ....................................................................................................................................... 110
7.2
8
Recommendations for actions to be taken in case of additional implementation ............. 118
Defining the policy options and preliminary analysis of their expected impacts ....................... 124
8.1
Description and discussion of the general “0” option ......................................................... 126
8.2
Defining the policy options for the core measures and their expected impacts ................ 127
8.3
Target Groups and Stakeholders for Which Potential Impact is Assessed .......................... 143
Implementation of the options within the existing legal situation in Belgium ........................... 146
9
9.1
Operationalizing PIC ............................................................................................................ 146
9.2
Specification of MAT ........................................................................................................... 152
9.3
Establishing one or more Competent National Authorities ................................................ 154
9.4
Setting up compliance measures ........................................................................................ 156
9.5
Designating one or more checkpoints ................................................................................. 159
9.6
Sharing information through the clearing‐house ................................................................ 161
10
Impact analysis ........................................................................................................................ 163
10.1
Methodology of the impact analysis ................................................................................... 163
10.2
Operationalizing PIC ............................................................................................................ 174
10.3
Specification of MAT ........................................................................................................... 185
10.4
Establishing one or more Competent National Authorities ................................................ 195
10.5
Setting up compliance measures ........................................................................................ 201
10.6
Designating one or more checkpoints ................................................................................. 208
10.7
Sharing information through the Clearing‐House ............................................................... 216
11
Recommendations on instruments and measures resulting from the impact assessment .... 223
12
Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 228
Annex 1 – Overview of Articles of the Nagoya Protocol that contain legal obligations for a
Party/Parties ........................................................................................................................................ 232
Annex 2 – List of General ABS Indicators (both for Qualitative and Quantitative Data) and
Questionnaire Related to Quantitative Data ...................................................................................... 238
4
Annex 3 – Correspondence table between the criteria and the QUANTITATIVE indicators ............... 241
Annex 4 – Questionnaire related to qualitative data .......................................................................... 242
Annex 5 – List of interviewees ............................................................................................................. 243
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 244
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